The fully-automatic closed-loop detection method includes: comparing a SCD file of a to-be-tested substation with a device-type data template file, so as to determine whether configuration information about the to-be-tested substation is correct; when the configuration information about the to-be-tested substation is correct, parsing the SCD file of the to-be-tested substation and generating a SSD topological diagram of the to-be-tested substation; and acquiring a testing item from a predetermined testing item library in accordance with the SSD topological diagram of the to-be-tested substation, generating a testing scheme for the to-be-tested substation, performing a testing operation and outputting a testing result.