A data sending and receiving method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining, by a first device, first data, where the first data includes data obtained after a first transport block is encoded, the first data includes at least two pieces of subdata, and the at least two pieces of subdata include first subdata and second subdata; determining, by the first device, a first time-frequency resource used to transmit the first data, where the first time-frequency resource occupies at least two subbands, and the at least two subbands include a first subband and a second subband; and sending, by the first device, the first subdata by using the first subband occupied by the first time-frequency resource, and sending, by the first device, the second subdata by using the second subband occupied by the first time-frequency resource.