The present invention is directed to 13C and/or 2H isotope enhanced ambroxol (“isotope enhanced ambroxol”) and its use in the treatment of autophagy infections, especially mycobacterial and other infections, disease states and/or conditions of the lung, such as tuberculosis, especially including drug resistant and multiple drug resistant tuberculosis. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising isotope enhanced ambroxol, alone or in combination with an additional bioactive agent are useful against an autophagy mediated disease state and/or condition, for example, a Mycobacterium infection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, Sjogren's disease and lung cancer. Methods of treating autophagy disease states and/or conditions, especially including autophagy disease states or conditions which occur principally in the lungs of a patient represent a further embodiment of the present invention. Methods of synthesizing compounds according to the present invention are disclosed herein.