Disclosed herein is a charging apparatus and precipitator. The charging apparatus includes a plurality of counter electrodes formed in a plate shape and arranged in a direction intersecting with a ventilation direction to allow respective surfaces thereof to follow the ventilation direction, and a plurality of high voltage electrodes formed in a wire shape and installed between the plurality of counter electrodes. The plurality of counter electrodes includes a first counter electrode having a first electrode area, and a second counter electrode having a second electrode area less than the first electrode area. The first counter electrode and the second counter electrode are alternately arranged.