A dipole loudspeaker for producing sound at bass frequencies. The dipole loudspeaker includes: a diaphragm having a first radiating surface and a second radiating surface, a drive unit configured to move the diaphragm at bass frequencies such that the first and second radiating surfaces produce sound at bass frequencies, and a frame. The loudspeaker is for use with an ear of a user being located at a listening position that is in front of the first radiating surface and is 40 cm or less from the first radiating surface.