The present disclosure discloses an infrared-based road surface monitoring system and method, and an automobile, and relate to the technical field of automated driving of automobile. The infrared-based road surface monitoring system includes: an infrared spotlight assembly, a camera, and an image processor connected with the camera, wherein the infrared spotlight assembly is configured to emit alternate bright and dark infrared stripes, the camera is configured to capture a mode of real-time infrared stripes on a road surface, and the image processor is configured to calculate the form of the stripes on the road surface captured by the camera, so as to obtain road surface or obstacle information and calculate a condition of the road surface, which are fed back to an automatic driving system of an automobile in real time, finally achieving purpose of monitoring road surface and automatic driving.