A device includes a network having a first material (e.g. electron donor, hole transporting material, p-type semiconductor) for transporting positive electrical charges and a second material (e.g. electron acceptor, electronic transporting material, n-type semiconductor) for transporting negative electrical charges. The first and second materials are dispersed within the network to form a plurality of electrical junctions. A plurality of nanoparticles are dispersed within the network, wherein the nanoparticles have at least one dimension larger than twice an exciton Bohr radius for the nanoparticles and at least one dimension less than 100 nm. In use, the nanoparticles convert incoming radiation into free positive and negative electrical charges for transportation by the first and second materials respectively.