An exemplary security virtualization system implemented by a multi-access edge compute (“MEC”) server identifies a security policy for a device that is separate from and communicatively coupled to the MEC server. The security virtualization system intercepts data transmitted to the device from an application server, and applies a security service to the intercepted data in accordance with the security policy identified for the device. Subsequent to the applying of the security service, the security virtualization system delivers, to the device by way of a secure connection between the security virtualization system and the device, sanitized data that corresponds to the intercepted data and has been sanitized by way of the security service. Corresponding methods and systems are also disclosed.