Infusion devices and related medical devices, patient data management systems, and methods are provided for monitoring a physiological condition of a patient. An exemplary infusion device includes an actuation arrangement operable to deliver fluid to a user, a communications interface to receive measurement data indicative of a physiological condition of the user, a sensing arrangement to obtain contextual measurement data, and a control system coupled to the actuation arrangement, the communications interface and the sensing arrangement to determine a command for autonomously operating the actuation arrangement in a manner that is influenced by the measurement data and the contextual measurement data and autonomously operate the actuation arrangement in accordance with the command to deliver the fluid to the user.