Disclosed a device for preventing and controlling pollutants in the reuse of reclaimed water in agricultural activity areas with extreme water shortage, including A2/O tank (1), nano-aeration tank (2) and quick soil infiltration device (3) connected in sequence. A2/O tank (1) is fed with wastewater to be treated, which is treated sequentially in anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic environment, thereafter the supernatant is transported into nano-aeration tank (2). The supernatant treated by nano-aeration tank (2) is transported into quick soil infiltration device (3), and is allowed to flow through one or more layers of fillers laid in quick soil infiltration device (3) to degrade or remove pollutants.