To provide a novel fluorine-containing compound that does not include any long chain perfluoroalkyl unit having 8 or more carbon atoms, which is problematic in terms of the environment, and that is excellent in water repellency/oil repellency, and a surface modifier using the compound. [Solution] There are used a fluorine-containing compound represented by the following general formula (1), the following general formula (2) or the following general formula (5): Rf1—(CR1═CR2—X—Rf2)n—Y—Z (1), Rf1—(X—CR1═CR2—Rf2)n—Y—Z (2) or Rf3—(CF═CR3—CR4═CF—Rf4)n—Y—Z (5); and a surface modifier using the compound.