A construction method of a test case constraint control technology based on epigenetics includes steps of: 1: defining a fitness function, a genetic coding method, and a constraint control rule; 2: initializing parameters: setting a population size, an evolution number, and a termination fitness function value; 3: initializing a population: randomly generating an initial population; 4: performing evolution termination judgment; 5. performing constraint regulation based on the epigenetics: performing constraint methylation and constraint acetylation according to the constraint control rule; 6: selecting individuals; 7: completing epigenetic evolution of the population; and 8: outputting a test case set; wherein through the above steps, construction of an epigenetic test case constraint control technology is completed, so as to design test cases that are more in line with the actual operation conditions of the software, find more potential software failures, and improve the quality of software testing.