A distributed transaction processing method and system based on a message queue and a database is provided. In the method, a component encapsulation server generates a target compressed package according to the obtained first configuration information of a business request server and the obtained second configuration information of a business execution server, and sends the target compressed package to the business request server and the business execution server, respectively, so that the business request server and the business execution server can decompress and configure the target compressed package to deploy a transaction processing component and a message transmission path. The system includes the component encapsulation server, the business request server and the business execution server. The business request server and the business execution server communicate with each other through the message queue. The component encapsulation server communicates with the business request server and the business execution server, respectively.