The present technology relates to a reception device, a reception method, a transmission device, and a transmission method that make it possible to provide content according to a preference of a user. Provided is a reception device including: a tuning control unit configured to perform tuning control for tuning digital broadcasting using an Internet Protocol (IP) transmission scheme; and an acquisition control unit configured to perform acquisition control for acquiring content transmitted in the digital broadcasting according to a result of a matching process on a provider-side PDI-A indicating an answer set by a provider that provides content to a question on preference of a user included in transmission information transmitted in an upper layer of an IP layer of protocol layers of the IP transmission scheme and client-side PDI-A indicating an answer set by the user to the question in the digital broadcasting. The present technology can be applied to, for example, a television receiver set.