Provided herein are formulations for topical and/or transdermal administration, and methods of using these formulations for the treatment of proliferative diseases related to cancer such as cancers and related conditions, and solid tumors. Also provided are formulations for topical and/or transdermal administration, and methods of using these formulations for melasma, gout, skin disorders, and other diseases and disorders described herein as well as methods for modulating the pH (e.g. raising) of a tissue or microenvironment proximal to a tumor, modulating pH, or improving the effectiveness of know chemotherapeutic agents, immunotherapy and the like for the prevention, treatment of cancers and related conditions described herein.