A hydro-mechanical transmission device with a dual-clutch transmission includes an input mechanism, a pump-controlled motor mechanism, an odd-numbered gear transmission mechanism, an even-numbered gear transmission mechanism, an output mechanism, and a jackshaft. The input mechanism is connected to the odd-numbered gear transmission mechanism and the even-numbered gear transmission mechanism that are connected in parallel, and is connected to an input end of the pump-controlled motor mechanism. An output end of the pump-controlled motor mechanism is connected, through the jackshaft, to the odd-numbered gear transmission mechanism and the even-numbered gear transmission mechanism that are connected in parallel, and is connected to the output mechanism. Switching among hydraulic transmission, hydro-mechanical transmission, and mechanical transmission modes between the input mechanism and the output mechanism is implemented by controlling combination and engagement/disengagement of clutches and a brake.