An arithmetic circuit includes an LUT generation circuit (1) that, when coefficients c[n] (n=1, . . . , N) are paired two by two, outputs a value calculated for each of the pairs, and a distributed arithmetic circuit (2-m) that calculates values y[m] of product-sum arithmetic, by which data x[m, n] of a data set X[m] containing M pairs of data x[m, n] is multiplied by the coefficients c[n] and the products are summed up, in parallel for each of the M pairs. The distributed arithmetic circuit (2-m) includes a plurality of binomial distributed arithmetic circuits that calculate the value of binomial product-sum arithmetic in parallel for each of the pairs, based on a value obtained by pairing N data x[m, n] corresponding to the circuit two by two, a value obtained by pairing the coefficients c[n] two by two, and the value calculated by the LUT generation circuit (1), and a binomial distributed arithmetic result summing circuit that sums up the values calculated by the binomial distributed arithmetic circuits and outputs the sum as y[m].