A method of preparing acicular metal-silica composite aerogel particles by adjusting an aspect ratio of the acicular shape through the adjustment of concentrations of an acidic solution, a solution including a metal salt, and a water glass solution which are reactants, and acicular metal-silica composite aerogel particles prepared thereby. The method prepares acicular metal-silica composite aerogel particles in a short period of time under mild conditions of low temperature and atmospheric pressure, the process is simple, and production costs are reduced in comparison to a conventional preparation method, and thus, productivity and economic efficiency are excellent. When the acicular metal-silica composite aerogel particles are used as an additive of a polymer resin, physical properties, such as viscosity and thixotropy, are improved.