A QD particle dispersion contains a surface modification compound that protects a surface of QD phosphor particles dispersed in a solvent. The surface modification compound includes a heteroatom-containing functional group and a chain-type saturated hydrocarbon group. The QD particle dispersion is configured such that the absolute value of a difference between the surface free energy of an underlayer that provides a foundation for forming a QD layer in the light-emitting element and the surface free energy of the QD layer is 5 mN/m or less.