An object is to provide a propagation property analyzing apparatus that can alleviate the influence of an error caused by crosstalk, and accurately evaluate a few-mode optical fiber that multiplexes a plurality of modes, in a distributional and non-destructive manner. Provided is a propagation property analyzing apparatus that analyzes propagation properties of a few-mode optical fiber that multiplexes a plurality of modes, which is an optical fiber under test, in a lengthwise direction thereof, through Brillouin time domain analysis, the propagation property analyzing apparatus including: means for inputting probe light in a desired mode from a distal end of the optical fiber under test; means for inputting a light pulse that is in the desired mode and that has a frequency difference equivalent to a Brillouin frequency shift in the desired mode, relative to the probe light, from a proximal end of the optical fiber under test, as pump light corresponding to the probe light; and means for inputting a light pulse that is in another mode different from the desired mode and that has a frequency difference equivalent to a Brillouin frequency shift in the other mode, relative to the probe light, as secondary probe light corresponding to the probe light, from the proximal end of the optical fiber under test.