The present disclosure relates to a gel polymer electrolyte for a lithium-air battery containing a zwitterion salt in a specific amount and to a lithium-air battery including the same and thus having a prolonged battery lifetime, thereby suppressing volatilization of the electrolyte and imparting the lithium-air battery with interfacial stability by inhibiting the formation of dendrites at a lithium anode and suppressing side reactions between the lithium anode and the liquid electrolyte. Moreover, the use of the zwitterion salt can improve the lithium-ion transference number, thereby increasing the lifetime of the battery.