Described herein are modified gal1 monomers that can contain one or more mutated cysteines and/or can be pegylated. Also described herein are modified gal1 dimers, trimers, and tetramers that can contain one or more modified gal1 monomers as described herein. Also described herein are pharmaceutical formulations containing a modified gal1 monomer, dimer, trimer, and/or tetramer. Also described herein are methods of making the modified gal1 polypeptides and complexes thereof. Also described herein are methods of using the modified gal1 polypeptides and complexes thereof.