A method of decoding a coded video bitstream includes obtaining a sequence parameter set (SPS)-level syntax element from the bitstream, wherein that the SPS-level syntax element equals to a preset value specifies that no video parameter set (VPS) is referred to by a SPS, and the SPS-level syntax element greater than the preset value specifies that the SPS refers to a VPS, obtaining, as the SPS-level syntax element is greater than the preset value, an inter-layer enabled syntax element specifying whether one or more inter-layer reference pictures (ILRPs) are enabled to be used for the inter prediction of one or more coded pictures, and predicting one or more coded pictures based on the value of the inter-layer enabled syntax element.