The present invention relates to a composition for preventing and treating a Bruch's membrane dysfunction-associated disease, which includes a sea cucumber extract as an active ingredient, and more particularly, to a composition for preventing and treating a Bruch's membrane dysfunction-associated disease, which includes a sea cucumber extract having effects of regenerating the Bruch's membrane of an eye and improving a transport function. The composition according to the present invention improves the transport function of the Bruch's membrane and promotes the regeneration of the Bruch's membrane, thereby delaying or reversing an eye aging process, and thus has excellent effects on the prevention and treatment of a disease such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, Malattia Levintanese (ML), Stargardt disease, Best's vitelliform retinal dystrophy and Doyne's honeycomb retinal dystrophy (DHRD), which occurs due to the age-related dysfunction of the Bruch's membrane.