A polyester resin, including: (a) a constitutional unit derived from at least one tetravalent carboxylic acid selected from Compounds (A) and (B); a constitutional unit derived from a bisphenol A-alkylene oxide adduct; and a constitutional unit derived from an aliphatic alcohol having a boiling point of lower than or equal to 290° C., where the polyester resin is free of a constitutional unit derived from a monovalent carboxylic acid, an acid value of the polyester resin is 8 to 55 mg KOH/g, and an amount of the tetravalent carboxylic acid is 1 to 30 mol % when an total amount of the tetravalent carboxylic acid, and other polyvalent carboxylic acid excluding the Compounds (A) and (B) is set to 100 mol %, where X1, X2, X3 and X4 each independently represent a trivalent organic group, and Z1 and Z2 each independently represent a single bond or a divalent organic group, wherein tetravalent carboxylic acid is, for example, 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,2′,6,6′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride, 9,9-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) fluorene dianhydride, and/or 4,4′-(4,4′-isopropylidenediphenoxy) diphthalic anhydride.