A method and apparatus for processing stream data are provided. The method may include: acquiring a to-be-adjusted number of target execution units, the target execution unit referring to a unit executing a target program segment in a stream computing system; adjusting a number of the target execution units in the stream computing system based on the to-be-adjusted number; determining, for a target execution unit in at least one target execution unit after the adjustment, an identifier set corresponding to the target execution unit, an identifier in the identifier set being used to indicate to-be-processed data; and processing, through the target execution unit, the to-be-processed data indicated by the identifier in the corresponding identifier set.