Composition, preferably a cosmetic composition, for caring for and/or making up keratin materials, preferably the eyelashes and/or the eyebrows, comprising: —(1) at least one linear fatty acid monoester of formula (I): R1—O—R2 in which R1 and R2 are linear and saturated and have, independently of one another, a number of carbon atoms greater than or equal to 20, with R1 representing an acyl radical, and R2 representing an alkyl radical, and —(2) at least one fatty acid having from 14 carbon atoms to less than 20 carbon atoms, —(3) at least one organic base, in particular derived from an alkanolamine, capable of at least partially neutralizing at least one fatty acid (2), and —(4) at least one fatty alcohol preferably chosen from C14-C30 fatty alcohols, better still chosen from the linear and saturated C14-C24, even better still C14-C20, fatty alcohols, and —(5) water.