Data frame retransmission method and device are provided. The method is applied in a multi-link Wi-Fi system including multiple links each of which includes a queuing list for determining a transmission order of data frames in the link, and the method includes: when a first link obtains a transmission opportunity, transmitting, on the first link, a first data frame at a head of the queuing list of the first link; if transmission of the first data frame does not succeed, restoring ranking of the first data frame in queuing lists of links in a retransmission link set, or arranging the first data frame at heads of the queuing lists of the links; and when any link in the retransmission link set obtains a new transmission opportunity and the first data frame is at a head of a queuing list of the link, retransmitting the first data frame on the link.