An optical element includes a substrate, and a multilayer film provided on the substrate. The multilayer film has an average transmittance of 75% or higher for light having a wavelength of 470 nm to 630 nm incident at an incident angle of 0° and a transmittance of 10% or lower for light having a wavelength of 1550 nm incident at an incident angle of 0°. The multilayer film includes a layer made of a first material and a layer made of a second material alternately layered, and a final layer made of a third material disposed on an outermost side, and a predetermined condition is satisfied.