Disclosed is a composition including a Hibiscus syriacus extract as an effective ingredient for treating fine dust-caused skin damage, wherein the expression of at least one selected from the group consisting of IL-36G (NM_019618), PTGS2 (NM_000963), XDH (NM_000379) and S100A7 (NM_002963), which are all genes having the expression levels affected by fine dust in skin cells, is regulated to a normal level and for inhibiting an antibacterial peptide, wherein the expression of the antibacterial peptide S100A7 (NM_002963) is regulated to a normal level. By using the composition for treating fine dust-caused skin damage and the composition for inhibiting an antibacterial peptide, gene expression changed by fine dust can return to a normal level to treat skin cell damage and the increased expression of the antibacterial peptide due to various causes can return to normal level.