A human-powered vehicle control device includes first and second rotary bodies, a transferring member that transfers drive force between the first and second rotary bodies, and a component. At least one of the first and second rotary bodies includes a plurality of rotary bodies. The component includes a transmission that performs a shifting action to move the transferring member between the plurality of rotary bodies. The control device includes an electronic controller controls the shifting action in accordance with a control condition set based on a travel state of the human-powered vehicle and/or a state of a rider. The electronic controller includes a first state that determines whether the control condition is satisfied and a second state that does not determine whether the control condition is satisfied. The electronic controller switches between the first and second states in accordance with a rotational state of the plurality of rotary bodies.