An automatic system for control and management of hydroponic and aeroponic cultivation of plants in a water-based solution contained in a main reservoir includes: a pump connected to the main reservoir; an analysis chamber connected to the pump; a sensor module with sensing probes; an additive module; an injection module; an electronic control board; and a user interface configured to wirelessly communicate with the electronic control board. The sensor module includes a conveyor plane displaceable horizontally by a motor to accurately position the sensing probes and two linear actuators provided with rack and managed, in turn, by two corresponding servo-motors configured to immerse and independently remove the sensing probes, moving them on two axes.