An injection vial and injection vial management system is disclosed, wherein the injection vial is filled with a liquid medicine and signally connected with a blockchain network. The injection vial includes a bottle body and a chipset disposed within the bottle body. The chipset includes an identification label and a blockchain module. The identification label records a manufacturing process, a logistic process and a use process. The blockchain module signal connects to the blockchain network in order to record the manufacturing process, logistic process and use process in the blockchain network.