A method of operating a TDD-based interference cancellation repeater, the method comprises setting a compensation gain of a gain compensator differently in an uplink communication period and a downlink communication period, setting an optimal coefficient of an adaptive filter in the uplink communication period and an optimal coefficient of the adaptive filter in the downlink communication period the same, based on the set compensation gain of the gain compensator and removing an interference signal in the uplink communication period or the downlink communication period according to the set optimal coefficient of the adaptive filter.