Implementations of this application provide point cloud partition methods, an encoder, and a decoder. The method includes the following. Morton codes for a point cloud are obtained according to geometry information of the point cloud. The point cloud is determined as an input point cloud of an iteration. Morton codes for an input point cloud of an i-th iteration are right shifted by K bits according to a number of points in the input point cloud of the i-th iteration, where K is a positive integer. A point is selected from points with a same value of Morton codes after right shifted by K bits. An i-th level of detail (LOD) layer is formed with the point selected.