A data processing method based on an unmanned vehicle, the method including acquiring data generated in an unmanned vehicle operating environment of the unmanned vehicle and type information of the unmanned vehicle operating environment; acquiring a data transformation logic corresponding to the type information from a pre-stored adaption repository, which stores data transformation logics corresponding to different type information; and transforming a data structure of the data according to the data transformation logic corresponding to the type information to obtain data in compliance with a preset data structure. By transforming data generated in different unmanned vehicle operating environments into data in compliance with the preset data structure, the cloud server can be assisted in analyzing and consistently processing the data in compliance with the preset data structure after they have been transmitted to the cloud server, thus improving the data processing efficiency.