A three-dimensional display apparatus includes: a display layer and a transmissive phase modulator, wherein the transmissive phase modulator is disposed on a light exit side of the display layer, and includes a plurality of modulation units; and each of the modulation units is configured to perform phase modulation on light received by the modulation unit, and is configured such that a picture displayed by the display layer is presented as a contiguous curved virtual image after being processed by the transmissive phase modulator.