Technologies are disclosed for monitoring network traffic using traffic mirroring. According to some examples, traffic mirroring allows customers to monitor traffic at different sources within a VPC. For example, a source may be any Elastic Network Interface (ENI) in their VPC, including elastic network interfaces (ENIs) on virtual machine instances, Network Address Translation (NAT) Gateways, Load Balancers, VPC endpoints, Internal Gateways, Transit Gateways, and more. Filters can be utilized to determine the network traffic to mirror. A customer may also configure to monitor real-time traffic with a monitoring appliance of their choice. With traffic mirroring, data traffic may be identified and sent to one or more target devices. Customers may monitor traffic within a VPC for content inspection, forensic analysis, troubleshooting, record keeping, and the like. Using traffic mirroring, customers can replicate VPC traffic, along with full payload data, without installing and managing agents on virtual machine instances.