An electrophotographic member includes an electro-conductive substrate and an elastic layer containing inorganic particles and a binder resin. The electrophotographic member has a protrusion on an outer surface of the electrophotographic member containing the inorganic particles. At least part of the inorganic particles contained in the protrusion are exposed to a surface of the protrusion, and the binder resin is present among the inorganic particles contained in the protrusion. An elastic modulus E1 of the binder resin measured at a first region in a cross-section in a thickness direction of the elastic layer is equal to or above 1000 MPa.