The present invention relates to a facility comprising: a fixed frame fixedly installed on an outer wall of a veranda or a balcony of a high-rise building; a foldable evacuation box which can be unfolded in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped having an open top side and has and evacuation door on a side thereof; a fall prevention and evacuation means which can be structurally changed to an emergency stairway for fire evacuation; an evacuation box locking means which allows the foldable evacuation box to be unfolded in a rectangular parallelepiped form; a locking means which holds and fixes the fall prevention and evacuation means to the fixed frame; and an entry prevention door which prevents an evacuee from entering inside a veranda or a balcony from the foldable evacuation box through the fixed frame.