A close-range microwave imaging method includes: implementing Fourier transform in a pre-set rotation axis direction on an echo signal reflected from a target object and acquired by rotating an array antenna around the pre-set rotation axis to obtain a first echo signal, wherein the first echo signal is represented in polar coordinates; multiplying the first echo signal by a pre-set reference function to obtain a second echo signal; converting the second echo signal into rectangular coordinates by a pre-set algorithm to obtain a third echo signal; and implementing three-dimensional Fourier transform on the third echo signal to obtain three-dimensional image data of the target object. By means of the method, three-dimensional image data of a target object can be obtained fast, fast imaging of the target object can be realized, the data processing amount is small, the imaging precision is high and the method is easy to implement.