Methods and systems for identifying near-surface heterogeneities in a subterranean formation using surface seismic arrays can include: recording raw seismic data using sensors at ground surface; applying a band bass filter to the raw seismic data using a central frequency; picking a phase arrival time for the filtered data; generating an initial starting phase velocity model for tomographic inversion from the raw seismic data; applying tomographic inversion to the filtered data to generate a dispersion map associated at the central frequency; repeating the applying a band bass filter, picking a phase arrival time, generating an initial starting velocity model, and applying tomographic inversion steps for each of a set of central frequencies; and generating a three-dimensional dispersion volume representing near-surface conditions in the subterranean formation by combining the dispersion maps.