Compositions for nail varnish, which are free or substantially free of nitrocellulose, include, in a cosmetically acceptable organic solvent: a primary film-forming agent consisting of polyvinyl butyral, a fumed silica, at least one secondary resin, at least one plasticiser, at least one colourant, which is insoluble in said solvent. The disclosure also relates to the use of the compositions for protecting and/or making-up the nails, as well as to packaged, ready-to-use items intended for the use.