The recognition system for security check and control method thereof. The recognition system for security check is integrated with a reinforcement learning algorithm and an attention region proposal network. The recognition system for security check comprises the following modules: an object feature extraction module (1); a dangerous item region segmentation module (2); a preliminary classification module (3); a preliminary classification result determination module (4); and a fine-grained recognition module (5). In the invention, optimization of a dangerous item region segmentation module and provision of a fine-grained recognition module greatly improve accuracy and efficiency of security check, shorten the duration of security check, alleviate congestion, save labor, and reduce pressure on security check personnel.