A system and a method for transmitting an electronic prescription on the basis of cloud computing. The cloud-based electronic prescription transmission method includes the steps of: requesting an electronic prescription from a hospital server, when a cloud server receives a request for the electronic prescription, by the cloud server; extracting patient information and prescription information stored in an EMR DB, by the hospital server; converting the prescription information according to a unique API, by an API builder unit; and authenticating the converted prescription information through an electronic signature of the clinic, encrypting the converted prescription information, and transmitting the electronic prescription to the cloud server, by the hospital server.