Disclosed are an optical signal communication method, and an optical signal transmission device and an optical signal reception device which perform the method. The optical signal communication method may comprise the steps of: receiving input data to be modulated into an optical signal, modulating the input data into the optical signal, and transmitting the optical signal to an optical signal reception device, wherein the optical signal includes a start pulse and an end pulse, and a time interval between the start pulse and the end pulse is determined on the basis of a data value of the input data.