Systems and methods for rapid mold tooling fabrication using active self-shaping non-Newtonian fluids is provided. The rapid mold fabrication system includes one or more molding units between which molds are formed using compression or injection molding process. Each molding unit includes an array of hydraulic pillars that controllably adjust the position of mold preform layers, and an expandable fluid chamber between the end of the pillars and the preform layer against which a mold is formed. A control system is also provided for controlling the volume of STF within the chamber and for transitioning the STF from a liquid to a solid phase through application of an electrical stimulus. A method is also provided for manufacturing a mold using the system. A method is also provided for measuring the geometric properties of objects using the rapid mold fabrication system.