An atmospheric pollution emission control effect evaluation method, device and storage medium, including: carrying out meteorological condition frequency statistics of data collected from meteorological station, obtaining meteorological condition frequency distribution information; obtaining pollutant concentration information, performing pollutant concentration distribution statistics to obtain pollution concentration distribution information and pollution concentration variation information; decomposing effects of meteorological factors and non-meteorological factors according to meteorological condition frequency distribution information, pollution concentration distribution information and pollution concentration variation information, to obtain meteorological and non-meteorological contribution information; constructing source emission control effect evaluation data set according to meteorological condition frequency distribution information, pollution concentration distribution information, meteorological and non-meteorological contribution information. Accordingly, emission control effect can be quantitatively evaluated based on observation data. Emission increasing effect and contribution of meteorological changes to variation of average pollution level can be quantified.