A thermoplastic resin composition, containing a thermoplastic synthetic resin, a cellulose and an ionic compound; in which a content of the cellulose is from 1 to 100 parts by mass, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic synthetic resin, and a content of the ionic compound is 0.001 times or more and less than 1.000 time of the content of the cellulose; a method of producing a thermoplastic resin composition; a molded article of a cellulose-reinforced resin; and a method of producing a molded article of a cellulose-reinforced resin.