The modular upper receiver assembly for firearms is an adapter allowing interchanging of barrels of different calibers to attach to an upper receiver assembly. The adapter assembly serves to provide a quick changeover coupling means for connecting an assortment of barrels of different calibers and lengths to the receiver. The coupling includes a barrel retaining bushing and adapter pair with threaded surfaces on the receiver for a threaded engagement, reinforced with threaded fastener compression for improved rigidity.